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Fixing of drainage pipes is an important stage mounting general utilities. And you need not only experience, but also the knowledge of standard engineering documents for installation the pipeline with due regard to all standards.
In this article we will consider fixing of drainage pipes: methods and aspects that should be given attention to during installation.
Installation drainage system can be concealed (concealed mounting) and open (fixing pipes to the wall) in accordance with paragraph 17.9 of SNIP 2.04.01-85. But you can install drainage systems not at all objects and types of premises: specific list and the existing exceptions are listed in the paragraph 10 of section №17 aforementioned normative legal act.
The advantages of concealed mounting are listed below:
And open mounting has advantages such as:
The concealed mounting requires wall chasing, that is simply impossible in many cases - for example, if you want to mount the drainage pipe to sandwich panels, or if you need to install drainage system in building with weak carcass basis. Thus, the open mounting was the most widespread, and in this article we will consider to the open mounting of pipeline.
Installation begins from the selection pipes and fittings. Fasteners of plastic pipes and fasteners of cast iron pipes must withstand the operating pressure and increased pressure in accordance with SNIP 2.04.01-85, item 10.1.
Proper fasteners for drainage pipes ensure correct operation of the pipeline system, so before the installation pipeliny you should familiarize withcurrent standards SNIP 2.04.01-85, in particular title 17, as well as the calculations ehich are listed in paragraph 18. It should be noted that depending on the project complexity and its features, various types of brackets are used for fixing of drainage pipes. For reliable fixation of the drainage pipeline mounting clamps are most commonly used, which perform several functions:
Before the installation of the pipelibe you should draw the detailed scheme of pipeline and make laying out. This will simplify the work and will identify structural features.
You should determine the distance of fasteners for pipeline, which depends on the type and diameter of the pipes. Usually the fastener is installed not less than 2 meters and at distances up to 15 centimeters at the bends or connecting portions, where the elements of pipeline are fixed together. These standards are presented in SNIP 2.04.01-85, title 17.2.
Straight sections of pipeline should be placed at an angle for proper operation of drainage system. The value of deviation depends on the diameter of pipe. The minimum deviation should not be less than 0.002, ie, 2 cm per meter (according to SNIP 2.04.01-85, sub-section 11 9). Smaller deviation is fraught stagnation of the flow, and the greater deviation will provoke excessively rapid drainage of water in which the dirt just will not wash off.
So, the installation internal drainage system is divided into the following stages:
At this preliminary stage is completed. Next you have to choose the fasteners, because they are the main elements in the correct operation of the system.
Special clamps are used for fixing of drainage pipes to the wall or ceiling. The clamp is selected with diameter of pipe for rigid fixation, and if you need keep the axial direction of the system, you should use the clamp with larger diameter, which can compensate the thermal expansion of plastic pipes.
Distance between the clamps of drainage pipes is chosen on the basis of technical parameters (diameter, flow volume etc.), in accordance with the applicable standards SNIP. So, cast-iron pipes are fixed with mounting clamps - for every 3 meters of the pipe using 2 clamps, which are fixed using the M8/M10 pins. Plastic pipes are fastened with mounting clamps which are installed every 1 m (if the pipe diameter is less than 63 mm), 1.5 m (if the pipe diameter is 63-160 mm) and 2 m (if the pipe diameter is more than 160 mm) on the horizontal, and the clamps are installed every 1,5 m (if the pipe diameter is less than 63 mm) and 2 m (if the pipe diameter is more than 63 mm) on the vertical. And length of the pipeline should not exceed 0.5 m, if the pipeline is not based on a continuous basis, ie in locations of turns and connecting pipe to the sanitary equipment. The rubber gasket of mounting clamps prevents the transfer of sound waste flow through the supporting structures.
Also cantilevers for supporting pipes are used in many cases. Double cantilever is selected to fix the bracket standard diameter of the riser. This mounting method is widely used for installation in locations where the load on the wall should be reduce, for example, if pipe is mounted to sandwich panel for providing higher rigidity and fixation.
There are different types of brackets for mounting of drainage pipes which are characterized by optimal low index of thermal expansion and resistance to fire.